Pamene ubwino wa thanzi la bowa ukuchulukirachulukira-odziwika pakhala kuchulukana kofananira kwa zinthu zomwe zimati zimapatsa mwayi wopeza izi. Zogulitsazi zimabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakhale zosokoneza kuti ogula amvetse. Mankhwala ena amati amapangidwa kuchokera ku mycelium ndipo ena kuchokera ku thupi la fruiting. Zina ndi ufa ndipo zina ndi zopangira, zotentha-zigawo zamadzi, zopangira mafuta a ethanol kapena zapawiri-zotulutsa. Ena akhoza kungokuuzani gawo limodzi la ndondomekoyi ndipo ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawu omwewo pamachitidwe osiyanasiyana. Ndiye ndi chiyani chomwe chili muzowonjezera zanu / latte / nkhope zonona?
Choyamba m'pofunika kuthetsa kusamvana komwe wamba. Kutengera kapangidwe ka bowa mycelium ndi fruiting thupi n'zofanana. Onsewa amapangidwa ndi hyphae yomwe imakula kupyola mu gawo lapansi ngati mycelium kapena kuphatikiza pamodzi kupanga thupi la fruiting lopanda kusiyana pang'ono pakati pa awiriwa malinga ndi msinkhu wa chitetezo chachikulu cha mthupi-modulating β-glucans ndi ma polysaccharides ogwirizana. Komabe, si mycelium yonse yomwe ili yofanana ndi kuwonjezera pa mycelium yoyera yomwe imapangidwa kudzera mu nayonso mphamvu yamadzimadzi ndi madzi osefedwa kumapeto kwa nayonso mphamvu, bowa wa mycelium nthawi zambiri amamera pa njere zolimba-zigawo zoyambira, ndi 'mycelial biomass' yonse, kuphatikiza yotsalira gawo lapansi, kukolola ndi zouma.
Momwemo chizindikirocho chizisiyanitsa ziwirizo koma, ngati sichoncho, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kuti kasitomala afotokoze kusiyana kwake, chifukwa mycelial biomass nthawi zambiri imakhala ufa wokhuthala ndipo kutengera kuchuluka kwa magawo otsalirawo amalawa ngati gawo laling'ono loyambirira komanso zochepa ngati chinthu chofufumitsa.
Ndiye, komanso zosavuta zouma ndi ufa bowa fruiting matupi / mycelium / mycelial zotsalira zazomera mankhwala ambiri pa msika lero ali akupanga zomwe zikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera kaya bowa fruiting matupi (ie Lentinan ku Lentinula edodes) kapena koyera mycelium (ie. PSK / Krestin ndi PSP kuchokera ku Trametes versicolor).
Kupanga bowa ndi njira yosavuta yokhala ndi masitepe asanu ndi limodzi:
1. Kukonzekera kwazinthu zopangira ngati kuli kofunikira.
2. Kutulutsa mu zosungunulira zosankhidwa, nthawi zambiri madzi kapena ethanol (makamaka kupanga tiyi kapena tincture).
3. Kusefa kupatutsa madzi kuchokera ku zotsalira zotsalira.
4. Kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi kutuluka kwa nthunzi kapena kuwira.
5. Kuyeretsedwa kwa madzi osungunuka ndi mpweya woledzeretsa, kusefera kwa membrane kapena chromatography.
6. Kuyanika mafuta oyeretsedwa kukhala ufa, kaya ndi kupopera - kuyanika kapena mu uvuni.
Njira yowonjezereka pochotsa bowa monga lion’s mane, shiitake, oyster bowa, Cordyceps militaris ndi Agaricus subrufescens (syn. A. blazeii) ndiko kuwonjezera kwa chonyamulira kuti athe kupanga. Bowawa amakhala ndi ma polysaccharides amfupi amfupi (oligosaccharides opangidwa ndi 3-10 mashuga osavuta olumikizana) omwe amakhala omata kwambiri akakhala ndi mpweya wotentha mu spray-owumitsa nsanja zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitsekeke ndikuwonongeka. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi ndizozoloŵereka kuwonjezera peresenti ya maltodextrin (yokha polysaccharide) kapena ufa wa bowa wapamwamba (nthaka mpaka 200 mesh, 74μm). Mosiyana ndi ufa wapamwamba wa bowa, maltodextrin ali ndi ubwino, malingana ndi mapangidwe ake, kuti amasungunuka kwathunthu ndipo amakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokhutiritsa kwambiri pazamoyo monga zakumwa ngakhale kuti mapeto ake ndi ochepa 'oyera'.
Kuchiza kwachikale kumaphatikizapo kuphwanya bowa wolimba ngati reishi ndi chaga kuti achulukitse malo awo asananyowe. Komabe, iyi si njira yabwino kwambiri yochotsera mamolekyu onse ogwira ntchito mu bowa - makamaka β-glucans - kuchokera ku khoma la selo. Kuti muwonjezere zokolola za β-glucan, mwina kugaya bwino kwambiri musanamizidwe kapena kuwonjezera ma enzyme pakunyowa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kugwetsa makoma a cell. Kukonzekera uku kungathe kuwirikiza kawiri zotsatira za mayeso a β-glucan (pogwiritsa ntchito Megazyme's K-YBGL test kit).
Kaya bowa ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi madzi kapena ethanol kapena zonse zimadalira mamolekyu omwe amapangidwa mozungulira. Zogulitsa zosiyanasiyana zamalonda zimayang'ana pamagulu osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo: polysaccharides, β-glucans ndi α-glucans (mitundu yonse ya polysaccharide), nucleosides ndi nucleoside-derivatives, triterpenes, diterpenes ndi ketones.
Pazinthu zomwe zimafunikira ma polysaccharides osungunuka (mosiyana ndi ulusi wosasungunuka womwe ulinso mtundu wa polysaccharide), β-glucans, α-glucans kapena zotumphukira za nucleoside monga cordycepin, kutentha - kutulutsa madzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito monga momwe mamolekyuwa amachitira. mosavuta madzi sungunuka. Kumene kuchuluka kwa madzi ochepa-zigawo zosungunuka monga ma triterpenes, diterpenes ndi ma ketoni amafunidwa Mowa nthawi zambiri ndizomwe zimasungunuka. Komabe, monga ethanol yoyera imakhala yosasunthika komanso yovuta kuigwira (kuphulika sikukhala mbali ya machitidwe opangira bwino) madzi ambiri amawonjezedwa asanachotsedwe kotero kuti zosungunulira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 70-75% ya ethanol.
Lingaliro latsopano lomwe lakhala likuchulukirachulukira posachedwapa ndi 'kutulutsa kawiri' komwe kumatanthauza kuphatikiza zinthu zamadzi ndi zotulutsa za ethanol. Mwachitsanzo kupanga zapawiri-kutulutsa kwa reishi kungakhale ndi njira zotsatirazi, zomwe zitha kusinthidwa m'njira zingapo kuti zitulutse zolembedwa mosiyanasiyana:
1. Kukonzekera kothira madzi otentha, mothandizidwa kapena osakonzedwa kale pogayidwa bwino kwambiri.
a. Popanda pretreatment Tingafinye adzakhala> 30% polysaccharides (kuyesedwa ndi UV mayamwidwe - phenol sulfate njira) ndi m'zigawo chiŵerengero cha 14-20:1 (malingana ndi khalidwe la zopangira)
b. Pogaya kwambiri β-glucan zomwe zili (Megazyme test kit) ndi ma polysaccharides (mayamwidwe a UV) zonse zidzakhala> 30%
2. Kuchotsa zotsalira zolimba zomwe zatsala pambuyo pochotsa madzi otentha mu 70% ya mowa. Pambuyo kuyeretsedwa polysaccharides okhutira adzakhala mozungulira 10% (UV) ndi okwana triterpene zili padziko 20% (HPLC) ndi m'zigawo chiŵerengero cha 40-50:1.
3. Kusakaniza 1 ndi 2 mu chiŵerengero chofunika kuti mupange mankhwala otsiriza ndi chiwerengero chofunidwa cha polysaccharides ku triterpenes (awiri-otulutsa amakhala ndi 20-30% polysaccharides / β-glucans ndi 3-6% triterpenes).
4. Vacuum ndende kuchotsa zambiri zamadzimadzi.
5. Utsi-kuyanika kuti utulutse ufa.
Kuonjezera apo, pamodzi ndi mankhwala a bowa opangidwa kale, mtundu watsopano wa bowa wosakanizidwa, spray-ufa wouma, watulutsidwa posachedwapa kumsika (wogulitsidwanso ngati 1: 1 Tingafinye kapena bowa chabe). Mosiyana akupanga chikhalidwe kumene insoluble zigawo zikuluzikulu amachotsedwa kusefera, mu kutsitsi-zouma ufa Tingafinye ndi kupopera-zouma pamodzi ndi ulusi wosasungunuka. (Akasakanizidwa ndi madzi ndikusiyidwa kuti aime izi ndizomwe zimakhazikika). Izi zimapanga zinthu zotsika- zotsika mtengo zokhala ndi ma β-glucan apamwamba poyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyeserera za Megazyme, zomwe zimapangitsa kutchuka kwake.
Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zopangira za bowa komanso kuthekera kosinthira kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zenizeni ndikofunikira kuti ma brand amvetsetse zomwe akugula, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ali ndi zopangira zopangira zomwe akufuna - kuyambira kunyowa mpaka neuroplasticity. Kuchokera kwa ogula, kudziwa zambiri za kukonza kumakuthandizani kumvetsetsa zomwe mukutenga, funsani mafunso oyenera ndikupeza zinthu zabwino kwambiri pamsika. Zitha kukhala zosatheka kuti mudziwe zenizeni zomwe bowa muzogulitsa zanu adadutsamo, koma momwe mungasankhire mtundu wamtundu womwe amayenera kudziwa, ndipo ndikofunikira kufunsa.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun - 05 - 2023