Umzi-mveliso we-OEM oMzi-mveliso oMzi-mveliso waBucala weLeyibhile yeMushroom ekhupha iPowder Reishi, iGanoderma Lucidum, iLingzhi-Johncan Mushroom

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I-fungus iyaphawuleka kwiindidi ze-polysaccharide ze-molecular-weight weight-weights-weights-high-weight-weight- polysaccharide structures, kunye ne-bioactive polyglycans zifumaneka kuzo zonke iindawo ze-mushroom. I-Polysaccharides imele i-macromolecules yebhayoloji eyahlukeneyo eneempawu ezibanzi ze-physiochemical. Iipolysaccharides ezahlukeneyo zikhutshwe kumzimba weziqhamo, i-spores, kunye ne-mycelia ye-lingzhi; ziveliswa yifungal mycelia ekhuliswe kwi-fermenters kwaye inokwahluka kwi-sugar and peptide compositions kunye ne-molecular weight (umzekelo, i-ganoderans A, B, kunye no-C). I-G. lucidum polysaccharides (GL-PSs) ixelwe ukuba ibonisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto eziphilayo. I-Polysaccharides zivame ukufunyanwa kwi-mushroom ngokutsalwa kwamanzi ashushu alandelwa yimvula kunye ne-ethanol okanye ukuhlukana kwe-membrane.

Uhlalutyo lwezakhiwo ze-GL-PSs lubonisa ukuba iswekile lelona candelo labo leswekile. Nangona kunjalo, i-GL-PSs i-heteropolymers kwaye ingaba ne-xylose, i-mannose, i-galactose, kunye ne-fucose kwiimpawu ezahlukeneyo, kuquka i-1-3, i-1-4, kunye ne-1-6 edibeneyo β kunye ne-α-D (okanye i-L) -substitutions.

I-branching conformation kunye ne-solubility iimpawu kuthiwa zichaphazela iimpawu ze-antitumorigenic zezi polysaccharides. Ikhowa nayo iqulethe i-matrix ye-polysaccharide chitin, eyona nto ingenakudliwa ngumzimba womntu kwaye ngokuyinxenye inoxanduva lokuqina komzimba we-mushroom. Amalungiselelo amaninzi asulungekileyo epolysaccharide akhutshwe kwi-G. lucidum ngoku athengiswa njengonyango oluthengwayo.

I-Terpenes ludidi lweekhompawundi ezenzeke ngokwendalo ezinamathambo ekhabhoni enziwe ngeyunithi enye okanye ngaphezulu ye-C5 isoprene. Imizekelo ye-terpenes yi-menthol (monoterpene) kunye ne-β-carotene (tetraterpene). Uninzi lwe-alkenes, nangona ezinye ziqulathe amanye amaqela asebenzayo, kwaye uninzi luyi-cyclic.

I-Triterpenes yi-subclass ye-terpenes kwaye ine-skeleton esisiseko ye-C30. Ngokubanzi, i-triterpenoids inobunzima be-molecular ukusuka kwi-400 ukuya kwi-600 kDa kunye nesakhiwo sabo sekhemikhali sinzima kwaye sine-oxidized kakhulu.

Kwi-G. lucidum, i-chemical structure ye-triterpenes isekelwe kwi-lanostane, eyi-metabolite ye-lanosterol, i-biosynthesis esekelwe kwi-cyclization ye-squalene. Ukukhutshwa kwe-triterpenes ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinyibilikisi ze-ethanol. Izicatshulwa zinokuhlanjululwa ngakumbi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula, kubandakanywa i-HPLC eqhelekileyo kunye ne-reverse-phase.

I-triterpenes yokuqala ekhutshwe kwi-G. lucidum yi-ganoderic acids A kunye ne-B, echongwe nguKubota et al. (1982). Ukususela ngoko, ngaphezu kwe-100 triterpenes kunye neengqungquthela zeekhemikhali ezaziwayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwee-molecular ziye zabikwa ukuba zenzeke kwi-G. lucidum. Phakathi kwazo, ezingaphezu kwama-50 zafunyaniswa zintsha yaye zahlukile kolu lomngundo. Uninzi lwe-ganoderic kunye ne-lucidenic acids, kodwa ezinye i-triterpenes ezifana ne-ganoderals, i-ganoderiol, kunye ne-ganodermic acids nazo zichongiwe (Nishitoba et al. 1984; Sato et al. 1986; Budavari 1989; Gonzalez et al. 1999; . U-Akihisa et al. 2007;

I-G. lucidum ityebile ngokucacileyo kwi-triterpenes, kwaye yile klasi ye-compounds enika imifuno incasa yayo ekrakra kwaye, kukholelwa, inika iinzuzo ezahlukeneyo zempilo, ezifana ne-lipid-ukwehlisa kunye nemiphumo ye-dant. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-triterpene uhlukile kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye nezigaba ezikhulayo ze-mushroom. Iprofayili ye-triterpenes eyahlukeneyo kwi-G. lucidum ingasetyenziselwa ukwahlula le fungus yonyango ukusuka kwezinye iintlobo ezinxulumene ne-taxonomically, kwaye inokusebenza njengobungqina obuxhasayo bokuhlelwa. Umxholo we-triterpene unokusetyenziswa njengomlinganiselo womgangatho weesampuli ezahlukeneyo ze-ganoderma