I-Ganoderma Lucidum (Reishi Mushroom)

Isikhunta siphawuleka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo ze-polysaccharide eziphakeme-mamolekyuli-nesisindo esizikhiqizayo, futhi ama-polyglycans e-bioactive atholakala kuzo zonke izingxenye zekhowe. Ama-Polysaccharides amelela ama-macromolecule e-biological ahlukahlukene anezakhiwo ezibanzi-ezihlukahlukene ze-physiochemical. Ama-polysaccharides ahlukahlukene akhishwe emzimbeni wesithelo, ezinhlamvu, kanye ne-mycelia ye-lingzhi; akhiqizwa i-fungal mycelia ekhuliswe kuma-fermenters futhi angahluka ekuqanjweni kwawo ushukela kanye ne-peptide kanye nesisindo samangqamuzana (isb., ama-ganoderans A, B, no-C). I-G. lucidum polysaccharides (GL-PSs) kubikwa ukuthi ibonisa ububanzi obubanzi bezinto eziphilayo. Ama-polysaccharides ngokuvamile atholakala ekhowe ngokukhishwa ngamanzi ashisayo kulandelwe imvula nge-ethanol noma ukuhlukaniswa kolwelwesi.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesakhiwo kwe-GL-PSs kubonisa ukuthi i-glucose iyisakhi sawo esikhulu sikashukela . Nokho, i-GL-PSs i-heteropolymers futhi ingaqukatha i-xylose, i-mannose, i-galactose, ne-fucose ekuhlanganiseni okuhlukile, okuhlanganisa u-1–3, 1–4, kanye no-1–6-okuxhunyanisiwe okungu-β kanye no-α-D (noma L)-.

I-branching conformation nezici zokuncibilika kuthiwa zithinta izici ze-antitumorigenic zalawa ma-polysaccharides. Ikhowe futhi liqukethe i-matrix ye-polysaccharide chitin, engagayeki kakhulu umzimba womuntu futhi ingxenye ethile ebangela ubulukhuni bomzimba bekhowe . Amalungiselelo amaningi e-polysaccharide acwengisisiwe akhishwe ku-G. lucidum manje asethengiswa njengokwelashwa okungaphezu-

I-Terpenes ikilasi lezinhlanganisela ezenzeka ngokwemvelo amathambo awo ekhabhoni ahlanganiswe neyunithi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-C5 isoprene. Izibonelo zama-terpenes yi-menthol (monoterpene) kanye ne-β-carotene (tetraterpene). Amaningi angama-alkenes, nakuba amanye aqukethe amanye amaqembu asebenzayo, futhi amaningi angama-cyclic.

I-Triterpenes iyi-subclass ye-terpenes futhi inohlaka lwamathambo oluyi-C30. Ngokuvamile, ama-triterpenoids anesisindo samangqamuzana asukela ku-400 kuya ku-600 kDa futhi isakhiwo sawo samakhemikhali siyinkimbinkimbi futhi sine-oxidized kakhulu.

Ku-G. lucidum, isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-triterpenes sisekelwe ku-lanostane, okuyi-metabolite ye-lanosterol, i-biosynthesis esekelwe ku-cyclization ye-squalene. Ukukhishwa kwe-triterpenes kuvame ukwenziwa kusetshenziswa izincibilikisi ze-ethanol. Okukhishiwe kungahlanjululwa ngokuqhubekayo ngezindlela ezihlukene zokuhlukanisa, ezihlanganisa ezejwayelekile nezokuhlehla-isigaba se-HPLC .

Ama-triterpenes okuqala ahlukanisiwe ku-G. lucidum yi-ganoderic acids A no-B, ekhonjwe ngu-Kubota et al. (1982). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ngaphezu kwe-100 triterpenes enezakhi zamakhemikhali ezaziwayo kanye nokuhlelwa kwamangqamuzana kubikwe ukuthi kwenzeka ku-G. lucidum. Phakathi kwazo, ezingaphezu kuka-50 kwatholakala ukuthi zintsha futhi zihlukile kulesi sikhunta. Iningi liyi-ganoderic ne-lucidenic acid, kodwa amanye ama-triterpenes afana nama-ganoderals, ama-ganoderiol, nama-ganodermic acid nawo ahlonziwe (Nishitoba et al. 1984; Sato et al. 1986; Budavari 1989; Gonzalez et al. 1999; 2002; Akihisa et al. 2007; u-Zhou et al.

I-G. lucidum ngokusobala inothile ngama-triterpenes, futhi yilesi sigaba sezinhlanganisela esinikeza isitshalo ukunambitheka okubabayo futhi, kukholakala ukuthi, sinikeza izinzuzo zezempilo ezihlukahlukene, njenge-lipid-ukwehlisa kanye nemiphumela yokulwa ne-antioxidant. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-triterpene kuhlukile ezingxenyeni ezahlukene kanye nezigaba zokukhula zamakhowe. Iphrofayili yama-triterpenes ahlukene ku-G. lucidum ingasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa lesi sikhunta somuthi kwezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene ne-taxonomically, futhi singasebenza njengobufakazi obusekelayo bokuhlukaniswa. Okuqukethwe kwe-triterpene kungasetshenziswa futhi njengesilinganiso sekhwalithi yamasampula e-ganoderma ahlukene